The experimental design of postmortem studies: the effect size and statistical power

PURPOSE The aim is of this study was to show the poor statistical power of postmortem studies. Further, this study aimed to find an estimate of the effect size for postmortem studies in order to show the importance of this parameter. This can be an aid in performing power analysis to determine a minimal sample size. METHODS GPower was used to perform calculations on sample size, effect size, and statistical power. The minimal significance (α) and statistical power (1 - β) were set at 0.05 and 0.80 respectively. Calculations were performed for two groups (Student's t-distribution) and multiple groups (one-way ANOVA; F-distribution). RESULTS In this study, an average effect size of 0.46 was found (n = 22; SD = 0.30). Using this value to calculate the statistical power of another group of postmortem studies (n = 5) revealed that the average statistical power of these studies was poor (1 - β < 0.80). CONCLUSION The probability of a type-II error in postmortem studies is considerable. In order to enhance statistical power of postmortem studies, power analysis should be performed in which the effect size found in this study can be used as a guideline.